Facilitating evidence-based integration policymaking in cities
Action Leader: Migration Policy Group
What is the specific problem?
Evidence-based policymaking in the migrant integration field has become a key objective across EU countries. One of the Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU states that ‘Developing clear goals, indicators and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to adjust policy, evaluate progress on integration and to make the exchange of information more effective.’ Considerable progress has been made across all levels; however, at local level the Urban Agenda Partnership on Inclusion of Migrant and Refugees has identified specific challenges and bottlenecks which still hold true.
Uneven availability of migrant integration statistics at local level: The scope of integration-related data available to cities across Europe differs widely: with regard to statistical indicators, availability on small spatial scales, or used socio-statistical concepts. While in some countries sophisticated integration monitoring exists, sometimes also at local/regional levels, many cities lack appropriate tools for evidence-based integration policies. Cross-country comparability of data produced in national contexts is low.
No comparable integration indicators at urban-regional level: Efforts to create EU (‘Zaragoza’) indicators for immigrant integration have achieved a set of regularly reported, common indicators mostly based on the exploitation of EU-wide standardised sample surveys. Until the Urban Agenda Partnership started its work, these EU integration indicators did not have a sub-national dimension. A common core set of continuously updated integration indicators at urban-regional level is crucial for assessing policy needs and outcomes across the EU, targeted funding decisions and informing EU policies.
Increased attention for data at urban/regional level, but need for cities’ involvement, exchange and synergies: A new interest and demand exists for integration data at urban-regional level, including integration indicators that are comparable across countries (e.g. the recent initiatives led by the OECD, JRC, or ESPON). There is a need for involving cities in the debate and for reflection as to how these different actors and actions can best relate to each other, become mutually reinforcing and contribute to an emerging common agenda.
Little knowledge transfer among cities on evidence-based integration policymaking: A wealth of experience in evidence-based urban integration policies exists in European cities, reaching as far as governance arrangements that feed monitoring results into municipal policies and planning of integration measures. These experiences and models could be tapped for peer learning. However, better coordination among the interested parties is needed to identify the best practices and indicate what would be the most appropriate formats for mutual policy learning.
What action was needed?
As result of the action “Towards more evidence-based integration policies in cities”, undertaken in the previous phase of the Partnership on Inclusion of Migrants and Refugees, a new set of integration indicators at infra-national level became available through Eurostat in the employment and education areas. These data show trends on integration outcomes of migrants, allowing for comparison between urban, semi-urban and rural areas. In addition, a 2019/20 pilot exploiting the newly available Eurostat data has produced a dataset and analysis that identifies different groups of European areas/regions (clusters) with similar characteristics and migration and integration situations. The analysis identified clusters of regions with similar characteristics and situations concerning migration and integration. It shows trends on integration outcomes, allowing for comparison between urban, semi-urban and rural areas. Results can help cities to learn from those urban regions that are in a comparable position. You can find the report here and executive summary here.
Based on these achievements, the 2021/22 follow-up action rested on two pillars:
First pillar
Continuing the work with Eurostat and EU data stakeholders, to improve the availability of comparable integration data at infra-national level;
Second pillar
Conducting a further pilot study that will address the drivers of immigration and integration trends/outcomes at the regional level, by linking infra-national integration outcomes to Member States immigration/integration policies—thus shedding light on the varying effect of these policies on different types of urban, semi-urban and rural areas.
PILOT STUDY
The study conducted a pilot study to identify drivers of integration outcomes at the regional level by linking new EU sub-national data to Member States’ integration policies. The main takeaways are:
NUTS2 regions with similar characteristics have comparable integration outcomes.
Four meaningful groups/situations can be identified on the basis of regional characteristics and integration indicators with potential for international mutual learning, exchange and comparison.
Results highlight the new data's potential for assessing regional integration outcomes in a comparative way.
Large data gaps remain concerning regions in some countries and topics - only education and employment are covered.
The pilot study led to 9 recommendations for regional/local policymakers, national policymakers and data stakeholders.
Which partners?
Action leader: Migration Policy Group (MPG)
Members : European Committee of the Regions, European Commission’s DG Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME), Joint Research Centre, Italy, City of Amsterdam, City of Helsinki, UNHCR Cities Network, Ireland, Committee of the Regions, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, European Commission’s DG for Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO), City data experts involved in the previous working group